Hand Hygiene

Functions of Skin Epidermis Complex multi-layered membrane Stratum corneum Stratum licidum Stratum granulosum Stratum spinosum Stratum basale Thinnest at eyelids —approximately .05mm Thickest at palms and soles— approximately 1.5mm Functions of the Epidermis Protects the body from the environment Protects the body from water loss Protects the body from infection STRATUM CORNEUM Outermost epidermal layer that regulates water loss from the body while preventing the entry of harmful materials, including microorganisms. DERMIS Major component of the human skin Consists of collagen, elastic tissue and reticular fibers Thinnest at the eyelids—.3mm Thickest in the back—3mm Organs in the dermis have special functions: Regulation of body temperature Skin sensations of touch, pain, heat and cold The subcutaneous fat layer: Bridges the overlying dermis and the underlying body constituents Is relatively thick, several millimeters Function of the fat layer: Insulates the body to provide mechanical protection against physical shock Dry skin is a result of decreased water content in the outermost layers of the stratum corneum (Rawlings). This disruption of the skin’s natural barrier function has a number of causes unique in the healthcare setting. The constant need to wear gloves, due to Standard Precautions guidelines means hands are in a perspiration environment that softens the skin and weakens the epidermis. Additionally, frequent handwashing with detergents or soaps and/or use of alcohol-based hand rubs can attack the skin’s lipid layer. Seasonal changes in humidity, soaps, detergents and caustic chemicals can affect the skin. Glove powders can be irritating to the skin, like sand in your shoe. And the friction of donning and removing gloves numerous times during the workday can increase skin irritation.

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