Basic Considerations of
Radiation Safety and Barrier Protection

References Najm Abadi F. Physics of Radiation and Radiobiology, 6th ed. Tehran, Iran: Jahaddaneshgahi Publishing, Inc., 2000. pp. 415-418. National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. Recommendation of limits for exposure to ionizing radiation: NCRP report No. 19. Bethesda, MD: NCRP Publications, 1987. National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. Radiation protection and allied health personnel: NCRP report No. 105. Bethesda, MD: NCRP Publications, 1989. Wagner LK, McNeese MD, Marx MV, et al. Severe skin reactions from interventional fluoroscopy: Case report and review of the literature. Radiology 1999;213: 773-776. Shope TB. Radiation-induced skin injuries from fluoroscopy. RadioGraphics 1996;16: 1195-1199. Hall EJ. Radiobiology for the Radiologist, ed. 4. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, 1994. Lipsitz EC, Veith FJ, Ohki T, et al. Does the endovascular repair of aortoiliac aneurysms pose a radiation safety hazard to vascular surgeons? Journal of Vascular Surgery 2000;32(4): 704-710. Wagner LK, Bifel PF, Geise RA. Potential biological effects following high x-ray dose interventional procedures. Journal of Vascular Interventional Radiology 1994;5: 71-84. Ibid Niklason LT, Marx MV, Chan HP. Interventional radiologists: Occupational radiation doses and risks. Radiology 1993;187: 729-733. The International Committee on Radiological Protection. Radiological protection and safety in medicine: A report of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. Ann ICRP 1996;26: 1-47. Radiation Safety Guide of the National Institute of Health - Appendix A: Radiation Protection Standards, 1996. http://nih.gov/od/ors/ds/rsb/rsguide/appa.htm. National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. Limitation of exposure to ionizing radiation: NCRP report No. 116. Bethesda, MD: NCRP Publications, 1993. Nawfel RD, Judy PF, Silverman SG, et al. Patient and personnel exposure during CT fluoroscopy-guided interventional procedures. Radiology 2000; 216: 180-184. Statkiewicz-Sherer MA, Viscanti PJ, Ritenour ER. Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography, 3rd ed. St. Louis, MO: Mosby, 1998. Niklason LT, Marx MV, Chan HP. Interventional radiologists: Occupational radiation doses and risks. Radiology 1993;187: 729-733. Batchelor JS. Low-dose CT fluoroscopy minimizes interventional exposure. http://AuntMinnie.com Silverman SG, Tuncali K, Adams DF, et al. CT fluoroscopy-guided abdominal interventions: Techniques, results and radiation exposure. Radiology 1999;212: 673-681. Wagner LK, Mulhern OR. Radiationattenuating surgical gloves: Effects of scatter and secondary electron production. Radiology 1996;200: 45-48. Kato R, Katada K, Anno H, et al. Radiation Dosimetry at CT Fluoroscopy: Physician's hand dose and development of needle holders. Radiology 1996;201: 576-578. Wagner LK, Archer BR. Minimizing Risks from Fluoroscopic X-rays: Bioeffects, Instrumentation and Examination . Houston, TX: Partners in Radiation Management, 1998.

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